Rheumatism in the child: manifestations and therapy Symptoms and methods of...

Rheumatism in the child: manifestations and therapy Symptoms and methods of treatment of malaria Without contagious diseases, there is one exception: they appear later on into the human body of an infection that provokes the development of pathology. Malaria is no exception and it also belongs to this group of diseases. The malaria is understandable for a long time. Again, at the end of the 19th century, European scientists determined the root cause and symptoms of malaria. It refers to the parasitic disease of a person who has a contagious nature. Due to the development of the disease, the liver and spleen increase, the cells of the blood are affected, anemia occurs. In translation from Italian malaria means "bad air."

Prerequisites for the onset of the disease

Earlier the disease was called "swamp fever". The main preconditions for the development of malaria are certain suitable conditions, for the sake of developing the parasites themselves, for no reason, and for the sake of mosquitoes that are carriers. It is a wet hot climate. Malaria appears in this case, if parasitic simple, belonging to the genus of malarial plasmodium (Plasmodium), enter the human body. The etiology of malaria is as follows: pathological changes in the body will follow after that, like a man was bitten by the Anopheles mosquito, who is the carrier of plasmodia. There are only four types: Plasmodium falciparum causes tropical malaria; Plasmodium vivax - the causative agent of a three-day malaria; Plasmodium malariae provokes the appearance of a four-day malaria; Plasmodium ovale - the causative agent of this type of disease, such as malaria oval. That, like the malaria is transmitted, depends on the path of infection. In the case of a mosquito bite, the sporozoites of the malarial plasmodium enter the human skin through the saliva of the insect. This causelessly called the transmission route of infection. If the blood of the infected person is the prerequisite for the appearance of the disease, it is a question of the parenteral route of infection. Also, the disease can be transmitted through the mothers to the child during pregnancy or the birth process (vertical infection route). Thus, malaria is transmitted by transmissible, parenteral or vertical through.

Actual cycle of plasmodia

Parasites that cause such pain, like malaria, go through quite important steps of development. At the same sex cells they lay in the body of a mosquito, and asexual development is associated with the human organism.In this connection, the following stages of development of the malarial plasmodium are distinguished: sporogony - formation of sex cells; schizogony, implying the emergence of new cells by fission. In turn, schizogonia is tissue and erythrocytic. Sporozoites, getting into the liver cells, are transformed into tachysporozoites, bradysporozoites, hypnozoites. After that the parasites destroy the cells of the liver and enter the bloodstream. The merozoites are a young calf that enter into red blood cells, then subsequent modifications form trophozoites that feed on hemoglobin. In the process of complete self-maturation, they rupture the erythrocyte. At the same time, toxins leave the bloodstream uninterruptedly, becoming a prerequisite for fever. If for this step a sufficient number of leading parasitic activity of cells accumulates, they are transformed into gametocytes-the sex cells. For this, the current cycle of Plasmodium - the causative agent of malaria - is completed. Getting into the device of a mosquito bitten by an infected person, the action begins in accordance with the newest.

Varieties of malaria and symptoms

There are future malaria, like a three-day, oval-malaria, four-day and tropical malaria. The emerging visibility of the disease is dependent on the effects of various plasmodia affecting the functioning of the human body. During the development of the disease, four steps are distinguished: The incubation interval of malaria, who can last a different amount of time depending on the type of disease and the one that the strain of microbes provoked the development of the disease. If it is a malaria-oval or a three-day incubation interval, it will last 1-3 weeks, be tropical for 2 weeks, 4 days for 2-5 weeks. The interval of primary acute manifestations, characterized by the onset of fever attacks. Secondary latency, if the infectious disease subsides. In the case of improper therapy or lack of proper treatment, after 3-4 weeks or 5-10 months there may be a repetition. The interval of relapses associated with the activation of slowly developing or sleeping plasmodia. If the incubation is completed, the malady may seem to have such symptoms: general illness, impotence and drowsiness; there are migraines, discomfort and joint pain, attacks of vomiting; can multiply the spleen due to the rapid destruction of red blood cells; there is anemia due to the rapid destruction of a large number of red blood cells; Hemoglobinuria is noted in this case, if hemoglobin is excreted in the urine; the appearance of jaundice is directly related to the destruction of erythrocytes and hemoglobin.To be a four-day malaria, the corresponding symptom is the capitulation of the kidneys, and the tropical appearance of the disease is characterized by the obstruction of the capillaries.

Features of fever

Symptomatic of malaria, predominantly fever, is directly related to the concentration of parasites in human blood and appears to be an erythrocytic schizogony. If the number of plasmodia reaches a certain level, the onset of fever begins. What is their concentration should exist in the blood, so that the acute phase of the disease begins, depends on the immunity and personal characteristics of the organism. The fever arising from malaria, contains three phases, replacing each other: cold; inspiration; sweating. Almost always the foray of a strong chill begins to appear in the first half of the day, while the temperature of the body increases evenly. Headaches and muscle pains are noted. Skin whitens, hands and feet feel cold. After a couple of hours the cold is replaced by heat, the body temperature becomes 40-41 h. In this interval there are such signs of malaria, like hyperthermia and hyperemia, dry skin, desire. The size of the liver and spleen increases. Also, convulsions, hallucinations, nervous impulse may begin. In some cases, the raid can stimulate the loss of consciousness. Enthusiasm does not pass near 5-8 hours, sometimes longer. In the subsequent phase, the temperature soon drops and sweat becomes intense. This stop is ending during a fit of fever. That, like a malaria appears, depends on its kind. The slowness of a fever attack, the symptoms of malaria that appear at the end of the incubation period, also depend on the one that the parasite strain has entered into the human body.

The three-day

One type of disease is a three-day malaria, for which nausea, short colds, migraines, discomfort in the lumbar region, weakness, general impotence, corresponding to a number of days before the onset of attacks, are appropriate. The period of exacerbation begins soon. Anxious foray into the course of the first week does not have a periodic nature and can begin spontaneously, often in the morning, in the first half of the day. Later the fever is repeated after 24 hours and repeats without a phase phases - cold, inspiration and sweating. Then the fog of seizures is much increased spleen and liver, which are palpated during palpation. In addition, three-day malaria is characterized by the appearance of early and late relapses. The pain can be detected in the course of 2-3 years.

Malaria oval

Malaria oval, according to the symptoms, is identical with the three-day period, in addition, it proceeds in a lighter form. Fever in most cases appears in the evening. Also there are relapses - near and distant. Pain lasts for 3-4 years, in rare cases before 8 years.

Four-day malaria

Yearly appearance of a malarial disease, for which a sluggish erythrocytic schizogony is characteristic. Attacks appear not acute, appear with a periodicity of 2 days. Weights come in very rare cases. The duration of the disease is 4-5 before 40-50 years. in rare cases - before 8 years.

Four-day malaria

Yearly appearance of a malarial disease, for which is characteristic a sluggish erythrocytic schizogony. Attacks appear not acute, appear with a periodicity of 2 days. Weights come in very rare cases. The duration of the disease is 4-5 before 40-50 years. in rare cases - before 8 years.

Four-day malaria

Yearly appearance of a malarial disease, for which is characteristic a sluggish erythrocytic schizogony. Attacks appear not acute, appear with a periodicity of 2 days. Weights come in very rare cases. The duration of the disease is 4-5 before 40-50 years.

Tropical malaria

More fanciful visibility of malaria. Fever can last up to 36 hours, while the body temperature of the infected rises in front of 40 degrees, which is quite healthy influences for good health of the ill. The interval between seizures is very small - only 3-4 hours. With all this, often there is no phase of sweating, the range of chills may be shortened. In fever times, such symptoms may also appear, such as: insomnia; nausea and vomiting; diarrhea; joint, muscle and migraine; confusion of consciousness; signs of bronchitis and pneumonia; disorders in the work of the kidneys; convulsions. Tropical fever asks for emergency medical help, because inactivity can lead to severe complications in the form of acute kidney deficiency, malarial coma, hemoglobinuria fever and others. The lack of timely healing can begin with the premise of a fatal ending.

Acquired species

Acquired malaria can develop from any type of disease. It flows without clear symptoms and exacerbations. Feverish states with a strong increase in body temperature with all this sometimes happen, only in moments of possible exacerbations of the disease. To conduct research, the leading parasitic activity of the plasmodia is not detected completely or in small quantities. Due to this, quite often specialists make incorrect diagnoses, Malarial coma, which is formed by blood clots from the stunted erythrocytes. For the sake of this burden, sleepiness, inhibited good, fading of reflexes and lack of consciousness are appropriate. Almost always (near 98%) the consequence of a malarial coma is the demise of a person. The spleen opening, characterized by sharp pain in the tummy, passing to the edge of the left shoulder and shoulder blade, lowering blood pressure, strong paleness, tachycardia, threadlike pulse and protruding cool later. If you do not immediately deceive the surgical intervention, the opening of the spleen is pretty much a prerequisite for the death finale. Hemoglobinuria fever. A malarial algid who is accompanied by an intensely manifested state of prostration. Acute kidney deficiency. Edema of the brain. Cerebral malaria. DIC-syndrome and the rest. The burden of malaria is quite often expressed by psychological disorders and disorders - psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, delirium.

Like diagnosing the disease

For the definition of the disease, the healer takes the following: image of major and minor symptoms; the common good is evil; occurrence of fever attacks; finding a patient in the regions where the epidemic spreads; the presence of probable facts of blood transfusion, of which there was an infection, because malaria is a pain that is transmitted not only to be bitten by a mosquito, but also through blood. A blood test for malaria, according to the "thick drop" method, helps to find the presence and number of leading parasitic microbial activities. In addition, malaria shows decomposition according to the blood smear, which helps to find which stop of schizogony and which specifically the appearance of plasmodia caused pathological good. The immunological method of diagnosis helps to find the presence of antibodies in the patient's blood. Almost always blood for decomposition is taken during the peak of a fever attack, but sometimes in between intermittent exacerbations. In severe cases, the test should be repeated cyclically every 4 to 6 hours. Diagnostics helps to distinguish malaria through other diseases that can occur in a febrile illness. Between such diseases are tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, mutual typhus and others.

The goals of antimalarial therapy

interfere with the development and life activity of the plasmodium, which destroys the tissue and blood of the affected person; not to appear complications, to avoid adverse consequences; not to allow a fatal ending; prevent future impending disease by reducing the number of parasitic organisms; reduce recurrent relapses; prevent the development of resistance plasmodia to pharmaceutical products used in the therapy.

Healing

Therapy prescribed by the doctor, rather obey through the kind of malaria of a certain type, what is the cyclical nature of feverish attacks. The methods of healing malaria are directly related to the symptoms in each individual case.Then the diagnosis of the disease should urgently live therapeutic measures. The patient goes to the hospital of the infectious polyclinic, where he undergoes therapy aimed at eliminating the fever and other symptoms of the disease. The abundant beverages, the inevitable bed order and the dose of pharmaceuticals of the fortifying effect are shown. Like to heal malaria, is depending on many reasons - a kind of plasmodium, which provoke pain, the severity of symptoms, the body's response to the prescribed therapy, etc. The best way has proven itself drugs for quinine base, who have long used time in the fight against the disease. Despite the huge number of available modern synthetic drugs, to which the stubbornness of parasites is developed, quinine has not lost its relevance in our time. It's time to get rid of malaria, depends on whether the plasmodium is affected by tissue or erythrocytes. Drugs used for the healing of malaria, in accordance with this, are divided into two groups: tissue shizontocides and hematocides, which are effective for the vital activity of parasites that destroy red blood cells. It's vivid to get rid through malaria. The speed of the cure depends on the immunity of the infected person, the effectiveness of the selected treatment, the extent of parasitism in the plasmodial system, the form of the disease and many other causes. Extensively used products include: It is vivid to get rid through malaria. The speed of the cure depends on the immunity of the infected person, the effectiveness of the selected treatment, the extent of parasitism in the plasmodial system, the form of the disease and many other causes. Extensively used products include: It is vivid to get rid through malaria. The speed of the cure depends on the immunity of the infected person, the effectiveness of the selected treatment, the extent of parasitism in the plasmodial system, the form of the disease and many other causes. Extensively used products include: Proguanil - affects harmful small organisms, leading parasitic activity in the liver; Chloroquine - works for sexual causative agents of the disease; Atovokvon, Quinin - are struggling with plasmodiums that affect erythrocytes; Primachin - is intended for the prevention of recurrent conditions; Bigul, Meflohin - used for preventive purposes; Antifolate - used for the sake of healing malaria, for no reason and for the prevention of the disease.

Preventive measures

For the preventive purposes, they use the same medications used for the healing of malaria, they only use them in the smallest dose (Malaron, Lariam, Bigumal and others). To take these medicines follows the planned trip to the regions that carry the risk of malaria infection, and then return from there. They do not have an instant action, but work in accordance with the accumulative method, therefore their dose is forced to last a couple of weeks before traveling and one before 4 weeks afterwards in an unsafe terrain. To reduce the number of bites and so to prevent possible infection with malaria is allowed by means of nets through mosquitoes and means of personal hygiene, killing and detoxifying insects. It can be different creams, gels, lotions or ointments. Also use synthetic and natural repellents. In addition, a good effect in the compartment with the above means has a closed dress. For the sake of these purposes, use insecticides, which process problem areas. There are also cases of dehumidification of swamps, which led to a decrease in the number of malarial mosquitoes. Not the last room in the fight against the spread of infection is the treatment of sanitary standards and the quality of life. Today there is no universal vaccine that helps to prevent the disease. Vaccination of toddlers in almost all countries of Africa is not always effective, at the same time it causes copious side effects, therefore it is not applied and is not recommended for use on a scale scale. a good effect in the compartment with the above means has a closed dress. For the sake of these purposes, insecticides are used that treat problem areas. There are also cases of dehumidification of swamps, which led to a decrease in the number of malarial mosquitoes. Not the last room in the fight against the spread of infection is the treatment of sanitary standards and the quality of life. Today there is no universal vaccine that helps to prevent the disease. Vaccination of toddlers in almost all countries of Africa is not always effective, at the same time it causes copious side effects, therefore it is not applied and is not recommended for use on a scale scale. a good effect in the compartment with the above means has a closed dress. For the sake of these purposes, insecticides are used that treat problem areas. There are also cases of dehumidification of swamps, which led to a decrease in the number of malarial mosquitoes. Not the last room in the fight against the spread of infection is the treatment of sanitary standards and the quality of life. Today there is no universal vaccine that helps to prevent the disease. Vaccination of toddlers in almost all countries of Africa is not always effective, at the same time it causes copious side effects, therefore it is not applied and is not recommended for use on a scale scale. There are also cases of dehumidification of swamps, which led to a decrease in the number of malarial mosquitoes. Not the last room in the fight against the spread of infection is the treatment of sanitary standards and the quality of life. Today there is no universal vaccine that helps to prevent the disease. Vaccination of toddlers in almost all countries of Africa is not always effective, at the same time it causes copious side effects, therefore it is not applied and is not recommended for use on a scale scale. There are also cases of dehumidification of swamps, which led to a decrease in the number of malarial mosquitoes. Not the last room in the fight against the spread of infection is the treatment of sanitary standards and the quality of life. Today there is no universal vaccine that helps to prevent the disease. Vaccination of toddlers in almost all countries of Africa is not always effective, at the same time it causes copious side effects, therefore it is not applied and is not recommended for use on a scale scale.