Symptoms and methods of treatment of mononucleosis in children The main signs...

Symptoms and methods of treatment of mononucleosis in children The main signs and treatment of meningitis in children Meningitis is a severe neuroinfectious disease, which is expressed in the defeat of the brain and spinal cord (preferably the soft shell of these structures). Straightforward cellular elements remain intact. Meningitis in infants is more common than in adults. This is facilitated by various reasons: the anatomical structure of the central nervous system, and the physiological characteristics of the organism, as well as the lack of immunity. The disease proceeds with a rather severe symptomatology, for the background of the brain edema multiple complications develop - toxic shock, a disorder in the blood coagulation system, and difficulties with the mind. The younger the sick, the higher the possibility of death. Therefore, it is unreasonably proud to find signs of meningitis in babies and start healing this pathology.

Prerequisites and pathogenesis

Before experiencing the symptoms and healing of meningitis, should be guided, what are the prerequisites for the onset of the disease and how is its development. In children, inflammation of the membranes of the brain appears due to the penetration of the infection. In most cases, it is bacterial (meningococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, tuberculosis, enterobacteria). Often the pain has a viral etiology (Coxsackie, epidpidotitis, chickenpox, rubella, measles, encephalitis, herpes, adenovirus). Mushrooms, spirochaetes, and helminths can begin quite rarely. The infection occurs through a sick person or carrier, while transmission is carried out by the airborne method, by household, through the ingestion of food or water. The transfer of pathogenic flora is also carried out by lymphogenous, hematogenous, perineural through. There is also a system of causes, a seriously passing pregnancy in mother and childbirth; prematurity; the development of hypoxia in utero; foci of purulent infection; rare ARVI; WAT. The triggering mechanism can be served by hypothermia, physical overload, psychoemotional and physical trauma. If meningitis is primary, then the infection can go through the mucous membranes located in the respiratory or digestive organs. Then it seeps into the brain with hematogenous or contact through. Intoxication and an increase in the number of active bio substances lead to the fact that the permeability of membranes increases, the protective occupation of the blood-brain barrier decreases. Toxins of microbes lead to the development of inflammation of the CNS envelopes, which can exist purulent, serous or mixed.The processes of inflammation result in the appearance of water exudation in the ventricles of the brain, which significantly increases the burden in them. The occurrence of cerebral edema and hypoxic phenomena lead to the development of the main symptoms of meningitis in toddlers. To be early and correct treatment of good in children is normalized by reducing and eliminating inflammation, and normalizing the production of cerebrospinal fluid. Being lack of help exudes intensification, there are purulent burdens and fibrosis. A significant increase in the amount of water leads to hydrocephalus and the death of the baby.

General symptoms of the disease

Meningitis in babies begins always suddenly, this is a sharp action, who in most cases has a momentary stroke. Therefore, it is very proud to recognize the symptoms of these diseases, which almost all depend on the age.

After 2 years and younger

At this age, the meningitis manifests itself is sufficiently erased, for the first room there are common signs of intoxication. Hence the disease for the first step is allowed to confuse with the common cold. The baby with all this: the temperature increases before large digits (39-40 degrees), it is not removed by taking antipyretics; impotence, weakness, drowsiness; the skin becomes pale, the nasolabial triangle turns blue; dyspnea; the infant is marked with overflow and bulging fontanel; denial through feeding, frequent regurgitation; exposure to external stimuli soon weakens or is absent; there is pain in the head, nausea and vomiting; in the forthcoming often develops motor fear and convulsions, which is considered an unfavorable sign.

Children of preschool age and older

To diagnose "meningitis" in a child older than 2 years is not much easier, since he can tell about his own complaints. Symptoms of an illness at this age are usually expressed in the following: acute temperature height before 40 degrees and above; a disease in the tummy that resembles poisoning; a powerful pain in the head of a violent temper, is not removed by analgesics; vomiting, which does not bring relief and is not related to food; numbness of hands and feet or cramps; redness of the face (sometimes swelling); in the languid cases, confusion, a dream, a fall of Gehenna; a feeling of shortage of air, breathing becomes frequent and superficial; increased heart rate; hyperemia of throat; an unchanging desire (its lack is a bad sign) and a fulfilled negation through the reception of food; inflated flair for various irritants; yellowing of the protein eye, photophobia.

Corresponding characteristics

For the sake of correct diagnosis it is necessary to know which there are the corresponding signs of meningitis in babies, which every specialist knows. Specifically, they allow by the way to identify the pathology and begin the correct healing: Rigidity of the occipital muscles. It manifests itself in a book that becomes unworkable bringing the chin from the sore to the sternum. This is a very significant and early sign of inflammation of the membranes of the brain. It appears always and is pathognomonic syndrome of inflammation of the membranes of the brain. Corresponding position with the head thrown back and bent legs in the region of the hip joints, and hands in the elbows, which are unreal to unravel - Kernig syndrome. Such a phenomenon can be observed to be a languorous bacterial disease, not associated with brain damage. Sometimes there is a positive Kernig syndrome during the development of jaundice to be a violation of the liver. The syndrome of Brudzinsky. The high sign is that the child lies for the back, and the healer tries to bend his head to the sternum. To be affected by the cerebral cortex of the baby the legs will be bent at the hip and knee joint at once and will be brought to the trunk. Another variation is the flexion of the upper limb in the elbow to be pressing for the edge near the cheekbone from the same side. And to be tapping according to the cheekbone itself is the bending of the leg in the knee. The lower syndrome manifests itself in the form of flexion of the second leg in the knee, if the healer produces the flexion of the first. In infants, inspect the presence of meningitis in a different way. For the sake of this little kid lifted slightly, holding the armpits. To be in the presence of a pathology, it is quite appropriate to quote the legs to the torso and to tilt the head back. This phenomenon has received the name of Lesage's symptom. In the ill, there is a disease to be pressed for the exit point of the nerves for the outer part of the skull, doubling in the eyes, strabismus, ptosis, violation or deprivation of hearing and vision can also be noted.

Principles of Healing

Though any mistrust for a child's meningitis is the reason for his hospitalization. The toddler is placed in the infectious division and provides a complete inactivity for the ever current course of the disease. In general, the plan for providing care for all this disease lies in such actions: The patient is recommended to order with the introduction of easily digestible food, which does not act irritatingly for the gastrointestinal tract - warm, not acidic and not acute. Always staying in a hospital should continuously keep under control the characteristics of hemodynamics and the well of the liquor current. It should also be non-stop monitoring the work of topical principals. In order to eliminate the premise of the disease, it is recommended that patients take a wide range of medications. The products of choice in this case are penicillins, aminoglycosides. To be an instant and languorous course, the introduction of these remedies is done endolumbly. To start etiologic healing follows immediately, hence the antibiotic is chosen empirically through, and later, if necessary, is replaced later obtaining results of crops. The duration of such therapy in infants with meningitis is approximately 10 before 14 days. To be a clear establishment of the prerequisite for this pathological condition, antimeningococcal gamma globulin or antistaphylococcal plasma can be used. If the inflammation of the meninges is caused by a virus, then treatment with Acyclovir or interferons is performed. In some cases, immunomodulators are recommended. Coping the pathogenetic mechanism of this disease consists in the removal of intoxication syndrome. For this, children are injected intravenously with salt mixtures, glucose, plasma, albumin. It is even more excellent to take for this background Furosemide or other diuretics, which increase the excretion of excess water and toxic parts from the body. Convulsive twitchings are removed with thiopental sodium or phenobarbital. To prevent the development of brain ischemia, nootropics and metabolites are used. To be languid, children undergo IVL and ultraviolet blood irradiation.

Folk methods

Because meningitis is an acute infectious disease that requires constant monitoring of doctors in stationary conditions, healing by traditional means can only go on as an auxiliary therapy. Some folk doctors advise to be given the ailment to extract infusion from the poppy. For the sake of its manufacture, the seeds of the plant before bedtime should be ground and insisted in milk with a thermos. For the sake of kids, one must take one small spoon for a glass of milk. Swallow three times a day, because of 40 minutes before eating. Healing is also carried out with the help of lavender. This plant promotes the removal of edema, inflammation, eliminates pain and cramps. For the sake of infusion it is necessary to take according to three small spoons of grass for two glasses of boiling water. The infusion is aged before cooling and is taken according to 100 ml in the afternoon and evening. For the removal of seizures, it is permissible to deceive water wraps with salt and vinegar. For three liters of water, one must take three huge spoons of each component, mix and damp the sheet with the resulting substance. Then it is necessary to wrap the impregnated tissue of the sick and hold for hours without reason. Before healing, you should consult a doctor. It is impossible to use natural drugs as the main method of helping to be meningitis.